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	<title>Hygrotech (Zambia)</title>
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	<description>Sustainable Solutions</description>
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	<title>Hygrotech (Zambia)</title>
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		<title>A Tribute to Habe Roode</title>
		<link>https://hygrotech.co.zm/a-tribute-to-habe-roode/</link>
					<comments>https://hygrotech.co.zm/a-tribute-to-habe-roode/#respond</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Hygrotech Zambia]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Mon, 05 Oct 2026 10:25:46 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Miscellaneous]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://hygrotech.co.zm/?p=9118</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[<p>CEO Henry van der Voort pays tribute to Hygrotech's founder, Habe Roode (1947 – 2026), a visionary leader, gifted storyteller and true legend of the agricultural sector.</p>
<p>The post <a href="https://hygrotech.co.zm/a-tribute-to-habe-roode/">A Tribute to Habe Roode</a> appeared first on <a href="https://hygrotech.co.zm">Hygrotech (Zambia)</a>.</p>
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				<span class="et_pb_image_wrap "><img fetchpriority="high" decoding="async" width="500" height="500" src="https://hygrotech.co.zm/wp-content/uploads/2026/10/Habe-Close-up.jpg" alt="Habe Roode Close-up" title="Habe Roode Close-up" srcset="https://hygrotech.co.zm/wp-content/uploads/2026/10/Habe-Close-up.jpg 500w, https://hygrotech.co.zm/wp-content/uploads/2026/10/Habe-Close-up-480x480.jpg 480w" sizes="(min-width: 0px) and (max-width: 480px) 480px, (min-width: 481px) 500px, 100vw" class="wp-image-9119" /></span>
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				<div class="et_pb_text_inner"><p data-start="67" data-end="330" class="PDq2pG_selectionAnchorContainer" style="text-align: center;"><em><strong>4 September 1947 – 21 September 2026</strong></em></p></div>
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				<div class="et_pb_text_inner"><p><span style="font-weight: 400;">It is with deep sadness that I share with you the passing of Habe Roode on the 21st of September 2026. He leaves behind his beloved wife, Anne, and their daughters, Irene and Anca. Our deepest sympathies, thoughts and prayers are with Habe&#8217;s family and close friends during this period of mourning, while at the same time we celebrate the life Habe lived and the legacy he left behind.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">I had the privilege of working with Habe for 33 years and can bear witness to the role he played in growing Hygrotech from a small, local, family-owned seed company into a company recognised on the global stage. The Hygrotech family has lost its founder and the driving force behind the company&#8217;s incredible growth, not only in vegetable seeds, but also in the development of complementary product ranges in support of its hybrid seed range.</span></p></div>
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				<div class="et_pb_text_inner"><h3>Early years</h3>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Habe showed a natural gift for leadership from a very young age. He matriculated from Voortrekkerhoogte High School in 1964, having served as Head Boy for three years! Leadership was something he was comfortable with and thrived in, as he would later demonstrate at the helm of the Hygrotech ship.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">It was fitting that Habe joined the navy in 1965, before going on to complete a four-year university degree. In a defining moment, Habe then left South Africa for the USA, and from the experiences he gained there, the man Habe would one day become was born.</span></p></div>
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				<div class="et_pb_text_inner"><h3>Hybrid Growing Technologies</h3>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Hygrotech was established on the 1st of February 1984 with the support of two investors, Bertie van Zyl and W.L. Ochse &amp; Co., operating from premises in Silverton. In the early nineties, share options were made available to employees to buy out the shares of Bertie van Zyl and W.L. Ochse &amp; Co.</span><span style="font-weight: 400;"></span></p>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;"></span></p>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">The company name, &#8220;Hygrotech&#8221;, was derived from the words &#8220;Hybrid Growing Technologies&#8221;, a fact of which Habe was immensely proud! He instilled this philosophy in every new appointee, emphasising that Hygrotech was at the forefront of introducing hybrid vegetable varieties to the South African market. His passion for bringing new hybrids to South African growers never waned until his retirement in 2021.</span></p></div>
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				<span class="et_pb_image_wrap "><img decoding="async" width="500" height="500" src="https://hygrotech.co.zm/wp-content/uploads/2026/10/Habe-Hygrotech.jpg" alt="Habe Roode Close-up" title="Habe Hygrotech" srcset="https://hygrotech.co.zm/wp-content/uploads/2026/10/Habe-Hygrotech.jpg 500w, https://hygrotech.co.zm/wp-content/uploads/2026/10/Habe-Hygrotech-480x480.jpg 480w" sizes="(min-width: 0px) and (max-width: 480px) 480px, (min-width: 481px) 500px, 100vw" class="wp-image-9122" /></span>
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				<div class="et_pb_text_inner"><h3>A vision for Southern Africa</h3>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Habe had a vision for Southern Africa, which he made tangible in the nineties with the establishment of subsidiaries in Namibia (1992), Zimbabwe (1996), Zambia (1998), East Africa (1998) and Mozambique (2000). Today, Hygrotech Zambia remains part of the group, while the other subsidiaries have grown into successful stand-alone companies.</span></p></div>
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				<div class="et_pb_text_inner"><h3>Beyond the seed</h3>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Habe had the foresight to understand that farming with a hybrid variety alone cannot guarantee success for the grower, and that complementary inputs were needed. For this reason, he developed easy-to-use foliar feeds suited to vegetable crops, at a time when this concept was foreign to most growers.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">He also understood that hybrids required better seedling growing methods, and introduced polystyrene seedling trays to the South African market, together with a growing mix suited for use in the trays.</span></p></div>
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				<div class="et_pb_text_inner"><h3>A leader who led by example</h3>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Habe&#8217;s pride in the Hygrotech brand was infectious, and his unwavering optimism in the face of adversity was a lifeline to those around him. He was always thinking, innovating and planning new ventures!</span></p>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">His negotiating skills on the international stage were legendary. His preparation before meetings was accurate and meticulous, leaving those on the other side of the table in awe and agreeable to his suggestions.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">On a personal level, Habe was extremely disciplined, paid close attention to detail, and expected the same commitment from his team, especially those in senior roles. He was punctual to the extreme, never late for a meeting and usually over-prepared.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Once the work was done, though, Habe could step away from it, and in a relaxed mood his humorous side came to the fore. An excellent orator, he was also a gifted and captivating storyteller.</span></p></div>
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				<div class="et_pb_text_inner"><h3>The click of the briefcase</h3>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Habe believed in attending meetings armed with his trademark &#8220;hard copies&#8221;, with no laptop or iPad in sight! The click of his briefcase opening, followed by the sound of rustling papers, was an intimidating sound to anyone who arrived at a meeting with Habe unprepared.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">These meetings were not limited to his office or the boardroom; they took place whenever Habe deemed it necessary. Many a time, on a long trip with Habe in the passenger seat, the double click of the briefcase could be heard, signalling the end of small talk and pleasantries. Overtaking a slow truck on the highway while justifying the sale of a product at a lower-than-normal margin was a uniquely Habe experience and, after a while, a completely normal one!</span></p>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Good news pleased Habe immensely. After a laugh and a smile to his audience, his first comment would be:</span></p>
<blockquote>
<p><strong><i>&#8220;Tonight we can all have an extra whisky!&#8221;</i></strong></p>
</blockquote>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Bad news upset Habe, especially if it was avoidable. His immediate reaction was quick and to the point, followed by a calm analysis of the situation and a proposed strategy to put it right. Habe had the ability to give those around him confidence and restore their sense of positivity.</span></p></div>
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				<div class="et_pb_text_inner"><h3>A lasting legacy</h3>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Even though Habe&#8217;s footsteps are no longer heard in the passages, and his voice no longer leads our discussions, his presence is still felt by those who worked alongside him and who now carry the baton he passed on through his mentorship, example and leadership.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Our memories of Habe are crisp and clear. Often, when a particular situation arises, we remember exactly how Habe would have responded. We share a memory and a smile, and in most cases, we handle the situation as he would have.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Habe left more than a company. He left a legacy, a recipe for shaping future business, and people forever touched by his presence.</span></p>
<p><i><span style="font-weight: 400;"></span></i></p>
<p><strong><i>Farewell, my friend, until we meet again!</i></strong></p>
<p><i><span style="font-weight: 400;">Henry van der Voort, CEO of Hygrotech</span></i></p></div>
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<p>The post <a href="https://hygrotech.co.zm/a-tribute-to-habe-roode/">A Tribute to Habe Roode</a> appeared first on <a href="https://hygrotech.co.zm">Hygrotech (Zambia)</a>.</p>
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		<title>Improving Adjuvants Spray Performance</title>
		<link>https://hygrotech.co.zm/improving-adjuvants-spray-performance/</link>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Hygrotech Zambia]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 03 Sep 2026 11:38:37 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[FertAgChem]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://hygrotech.co.zm/?p=9065</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[<p>Improve agricultural spray performance with quality adjuvants. Learn how adjuvants optimize the tank, air and target stages of spraying.</p>
<p>The post <a href="https://hygrotech.co.zm/improving-adjuvants-spray-performance/">Improving Adjuvants Spray Performance</a> appeared first on <a href="https://hygrotech.co.zm">Hygrotech (Zambia)</a>.</p>
]]></description>
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				<div class="et_pb_text_inner"><p data-start="67" data-end="330" class="PDq2pG_selectionAnchorContainer">Agricultural sprays consist of three stages: <strong data-start="112" data-end="148">the tank, the air and the target</strong>. Various factors are present during each of these stages, and if they are not properly managed, they can reduce spray effectiveness, resulting in poor performance and wasted inputs.<span aria-hidden="true" class="PDq2pG_selectionAnchor"></span></p>
<p data-start="332" data-end="479">The use of quality adjuvants can help growers optimise agricultural sprays throughout these different stages.</p></div>
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				<div class="et_pb_text_inner"><h3>3 Stages of Agricultural Spraying</h3>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<table>
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<th><strong>Stage</strong></th>
<th><strong>Factors to Consider</strong></th>
<th><strong>Potential Risks</strong></th>
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<p><strong>Tank</strong></p>
<p>Preparation of the spray mixture before application</p>
</td>
<td>Water quality, chemical reactions, pump shear</td>
<td>Mixing and compatibility, agitation, equipment contamination including tanks, lines and nozzles</td>
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<td>
<p><strong>Air</strong></p>
<p>Atomisation and application of the spray mixture through the air to the target</p>
</td>
<td>Equipment and application, physical properties, atmospheric conditions, environmental conditions</td>
<td>Wind and drift, non-target interception, volatilisation, redistribution</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p><strong>Target</strong></p>
<p>Impact with the target crop, weed or soil, followed by retention and deposit</p>
</td>
<td>Spray and surface properties, droplet size and kinetic energy, dynamic spreading, micrometeorological conditions, spreading and retention, surface activity, encounter probability</td>
<td>Reflection, shatter and splash, run-off, volatilisation, evaporation caused by UV, heat and water</td>
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				<div class="et_pb_text_inner"><h3 data-section-id="1bkxbbw" data-start="2137" data-end="2172" class="PDq2pG_selectionAnchorContainer">Where Quality Adjuvants Can Help<span aria-hidden="true" class="PDq2pG_selectionAnchor"></span></h3>
<p data-start="2174" data-end="2300">Adjuvants can be used to help address some of the challenges encountered during the different stages of agricultural spraying.</p>
<blockquote>
<p data-start="2302" data-end="2595">Hygrotech South Africa (Pty) Ltd and Miller™ Chemical &amp; Fertilizer, LLC, USA, formulated a range of quality adjuvants specifically to optimise agricultural sprays within these different stages. This approach is referred to as the <strong data-start="2532" data-end="2556">ADJUVANTAGE™ concept</strong>. <span class="contents" data-content-reference-start="2526" data-content-reference-end="2555"></span></p>
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				<div class="et_pb_text_inner"><h3 data-section-id="8edh7t" data-start="2597" data-end="2628">Hygrotech Adjuvant Solutions</h3></div>
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<li data-section-id="lkjry8" data-start="2987" data-end="2999"><strong><a href="https://hygrotech.co.zm/product/surebuff/">Surebuff</a></strong></li>
</ul>
<p data-start="3001" data-end="3185" style="padding-left: 40px;">Surebuff is a water-soluble acidifier with buffering properties. It is used with agricultural chemicals that are sensitive to alkaline conditions. <span class="contents" data-content-reference-start="3100" data-content-reference-end="3129"></span></p>
<ul>
<li data-section-id="emceb2" data-start="3187" data-end="3202"><strong><a href="https://hygrotech.co.zm/product/hygrobuff-4/">Hygrobuff 4</a></strong></li>
</ul>
<p data-start="3204" data-end="3330" style="padding-left: 40px;">Hygrobuff 4 is an adjuvant used for optimising spray-tank water pH and increasing compatibility between agricultural products. It also acts as a wetting agent and assists with cleaning agricultural equipment. <span class="contents" data-content-reference-start="3358" data-content-reference-end="3387"></span></p>
<ul>
<li data-section-id="blu50s" data-start="3453" data-end="3470"><strong><a href="https://hygrotech.co.zm/product/mist-control/">Mist Control®</a></strong></li>
</ul>
<p data-start="3472" data-end="3564" style="padding-left: 40px;">Mist Control® is designed to reduce drift and improve the deposition of agricultural sprays. It can help reduce the risk of spray drifting away from the intended target and improve the amount of product deposited during application. <span class="contents" data-content-reference-start="3642" data-content-reference-end="3671"></span></p></div>
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<li data-section-id="1q4iee6" data-start="3745" data-end="3785"><strong><a href="https://hygrotech.co.zm/product/nu-film-p/">Nu-Film® P</a>, <a href="https://hygrotech.co.zm/product/sustain/">Sustain®</a> and <a href="https://hygrotech.co.zm/product/nu-film-17/">Nu-Film 17®</a></strong></li>
</ul>
<p data-start="3787" data-end="3835" style="padding-left: 40px;">These products form part of the Pinolene® range.</p>
<p data-start="3837" data-end="4029" style="padding-left: 40px;">They contribute to the adhesion, spreading and deposition of agricultural products. They can also provide benefits such as improved rainfastness and protection against UV and heat degradation.</p>
<p data-start="4031" data-end="4153" style="padding-left: 40px;"><strong data-start="4031" data-end="4045">Nu-Film® P</strong> is intended to improve adhesion and spreading while assisting with the deposition of agricultural products.</p>
<p data-start="4155" data-end="4246" style="padding-left: 40px;"><strong data-start="4155" data-end="4167">Sustain®</strong> is intended for soil-applied products and assists with adhesion and spreading.</p>
<p data-start="4248" data-end="4439" style="padding-left: 40px;"><strong data-start="4248" data-end="4263">Nu-Film 17®</strong> is designed for agricultural applications where longer spray intervals are required, including subtropical fruit and citrus applications. <span class="contents" data-content-reference-start="4330" data-content-reference-end="4359"></span></p>
<ul>
<li data-section-id="vml65h" data-start="4441" data-end="4452"><strong><a href="https://hygrotech.co.zm/product/entree/">Entrée™</a></strong></li>
</ul>
<p data-start="4454" data-end="4713" style="padding-left: 40px;">Entrée™ improves the adhesion and spreading of spray droplets on plant surfaces. It is formulated to promote the movement of systemic products into plant tissue and can be used with both water- and oil-soluble products.</p></div>
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				<div class="et_pb_text_inner"><h3 data-section-id="8tvfrr" data-start="4715" data-end="4763" class="PDq2pG_selectionAnchorContainer">Choosing the Right Adjuvant<span aria-hidden="true" class="PDq2pG_selectionAnchor"></span></h3>
<p data-start="4765" data-end="4978">Different adjuvants are suited to different stages of the spraying process. The <strong data-start="4845" data-end="4869">ADJUVANTAGE™ concept</strong> is based on selecting the appropriate adjuvant according to where it is needed: the <strong data-start="4954" data-end="4977">tank, air or target</strong>.</p>
<p data-start="4980" data-end="5186">By considering the conditions at each stage of application, growers can better manage potential spray risks and optimise the performance of their agricultural sprays.</p></div>
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<p>The post <a href="https://hygrotech.co.zm/improving-adjuvants-spray-performance/">Improving Adjuvants Spray Performance</a> appeared first on <a href="https://hygrotech.co.zm">Hygrotech (Zambia)</a>.</p>
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		<title>High Yield Baby Marrows</title>
		<link>https://hygrotech.co.zm/high-yield-baby-marrows/</link>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Hygrotech Zambia]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sat, 01 Aug 2026 10:55:37 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Vegetable Production]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://hygrotech.co.zm/?p=9025</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[<p>Looking for a high yield baby marrow variety? Discover the benefits of HY-GREEN F1 and why growers continue to choose it.</p>
<p>The post <a href="https://hygrotech.co.zm/high-yield-baby-marrows/">High Yield Baby Marrows</a> appeared first on <a href="https://hygrotech.co.zm">Hygrotech (Zambia)</a>.</p>
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				<div class="et_pb_text_inner"><p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Choosing the right variety is one of the most important decisions a grower can make. A variety that delivers consistent yields, produces marketable fruit, and performs well under challenging conditions can make a significant difference to the profitability of a crop.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">HY-GREEN F1 has earned a reputation among commercial growers for its excellent yield potential, strong plant vigour, and reliable fruit quality. Here&#8217;s why it&#8217;s becoming a preferred choice for baby marrow production.</span></p></div>
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				<div class="et_pb_text_inner"><h3>Built for High Yields</h3>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">HY-GREEN F1 has been developed to perform under demanding growing conditions. Even during periods of high temperatures, the variety continues to produce consistently, making it a dependable option for summer production.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Under trial conditions in the Waterpoort area, HY-GREEN F1 achieved impressive yields of </span><b>25–26 tonnes per hectare</b><span style="font-weight: 400;">, demonstrating its potential under South African growing conditions.</span></p></div>
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				<div class="et_pb_text_inner"><h3>Early Maturity</h3>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">One of HY-GREEN F1&#8217;s key advantages is its early maturity. The variety reaches harvest in approximately </span><b>45 to 50 days</b><span style="font-weight: 400;">, allowing growers to enter the market sooner and begin harvesting earlier.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Early production can improve cash flow while creating opportunities for multiple planting cycles throughout the growing season.</span></p></div>
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				<div class="et_pb_text_inner"><h3>Easier Harvesting</h3>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">HY-GREEN F1 has been selected with the grower in mind. </span><span style="font-weight: 400;">Its </span><b>longer fruit stems</b><span style="font-weight: 400;"> make harvesting quicker and more efficient, while the </span><b>smaller blossoms</b><span style="font-weight: 400;"> are easier to remove, reducing handling time after harvest.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">These small advantages can make a noticeable difference during peak harvesting periods.</span></p></div>
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				<div class="et_pb_text_inner"><h3>Excellent Fruit Quality</h3>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Marketable fruit quality is just as important as yield. HY-GREEN F1 produces attractive, uniform fruit that meets the demands of both packhouses and fresh produce markets.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Fruit characteristics include:</span></p>
<ul>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Uniform cylindrical shape</span></li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Dark green colour</span></li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Fruit length of approximately </span><b>7–14 cm</b></li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Average diameter of </span><b>3.4 cm</b></li>
</ul>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">These characteristics contribute to a consistent, high-quality product that is well suited to commercial marketing.</span></p></div>
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				<span class="et_pb_image_wrap "><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1000" height="1000" src="https://hygrotech.co.zm/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/Baby-Marrow-1.jpg" alt="" title="Baby Marrow (1)" srcset="https://hygrotech.co.zm/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/Baby-Marrow-1.jpg 1000w, https://hygrotech.co.zm/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/Baby-Marrow-1-980x980.jpg 980w, https://hygrotech.co.zm/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/Baby-Marrow-1-480x480.jpg 480w" sizes="(min-width: 0px) and (max-width: 480px) 480px, (min-width: 481px) and (max-width: 980px) 980px, (min-width: 981px) 1000px, 100vw" class="wp-image-9029" /></span>
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				<div class="et_pb_text_inner"><h3>Good Disease Resistance</h3>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Healthy plants continue producing for longer and require fewer interventions throughout the season.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">HY-GREEN F1 has a vigorous growth habit and maintains strong performance later into the production cycle. The variety also offers a valuable disease resistance package, including:</span></p>
<ul>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Zucchini Yellow Mosaic Virus<b> (ZYMV)</b></li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Intermediate resistance to Zucchini Mosaic Virus<b> (ZMV)</b></li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Intermediate resistance to Watermelon Mosaic Virus<b> (WMV)</b></li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1">Intermediate resistance to<b> Powdery Mildew</b></li>
</ul>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">These resistances help support healthier crops and contribute to more reliable production under field conditions.</span></p></div>
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				<div class="et_pb_text_inner"><h3>Tips for Successful Production</h3>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">To get the most from HY-GREEN F1:</span></p>
<ul>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Plant into fertile, well-drained soil.</span></li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Maintain consistent soil moisture, particularly during flowering and fruit development.</span></li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Follow a balanced fertilisation programme to support continuous growth.</span></li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Harvest regularly to encourage ongoing fruit production.</span></li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Scout crops frequently for pests and diseases to maintain plant health.</span></li>
</ul>
<blockquote>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Good management practices combined with a high-performing variety help maximise both yield and fruit quality.</span></p>
</blockquote></div>
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				<span class="et_pb_image_wrap "><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1000" height="1000" src="https://hygrotech.co.zm/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/Baby-Marrow-2.jpg" alt="" title="Baby Marrow (2)" srcset="https://hygrotech.co.zm/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/Baby-Marrow-2.jpg 1000w, https://hygrotech.co.zm/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/Baby-Marrow-2-980x980.jpg 980w, https://hygrotech.co.zm/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/Baby-Marrow-2-480x480.jpg 480w" sizes="(min-width: 0px) and (max-width: 480px) 480px, (min-width: 481px) and (max-width: 980px) 980px, (min-width: 981px) 1000px, 100vw" class="wp-image-9030" /></span>
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				<div class="et_pb_text_inner"><h3>Why HY-GREEN F1?</h3>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">HY-GREEN F1 combines the characteristics that commercial growers value most: high yield potential, early maturity, excellent fruit quality, and reliable field performance.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Whether you&#8217;re supplying fresh produce markets or packhouses, HY-GREEN F1 offers the consistency and quality needed to produce a profitable baby marrow crop season after season.</span></p></div>
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				<a class="et_pb_button et_pb_button_0 et_pb_bg_layout_light" href="https://hygrotech.co.zm/product/hy-green/">Shop Hy-Green F1</a>
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				<div class="et_pb_text_inner"><p><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">[Compiled by Herman de Beer (Area Marketing Manager, Bushveld, Limpopo)]</span></em></p></div>
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<p>The post <a href="https://hygrotech.co.zm/high-yield-baby-marrows/">High Yield Baby Marrows</a> appeared first on <a href="https://hygrotech.co.zm">Hygrotech (Zambia)</a>.</p>
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		<title>Biofumigation Explained</title>
		<link>https://hygrotech.co.zm/biofumigation-explained/</link>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Hygrotech Zambia]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 03 Jul 2026 13:08:51 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Miscellaneous]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://hygrotech.co.zm/?p=8952</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[<p>Learn how biofumigation works and why selecting the right mustard species can improve soil health and crop performance.</p>
<p>The post <a href="https://hygrotech.co.zm/biofumigation-explained/">Biofumigation Explained</a> appeared first on <a href="https://hygrotech.co.zm">Hygrotech (Zambia)</a>.</p>
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				<div class="et_pb_text_inner"><p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Biofumigation has become an increasingly popular biological alternative for managing soil-borne diseases, nematodes, and certain weed seeds. By incorporating specific Brassica crops into the soil, growers can improve soil health while reducing pathogen pressure before planting the next crop.</span></p>
<blockquote>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;"><i>&#8220;Biofumigation is the beneficial use of green manure crops, especially Brassicas, that release natural compounds capable of suppressing soil-borne pests and diseases.&#8221; &#8211; </i>John N. Matthiessen, CSIRO Entomology, Australia</span></p>
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<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">However, one common misconception remains: </span><b>not all Brassicas are equally effective for biofumigation.</b></p></div>
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				<div class="et_pb_text_inner"><h3>What Is Biofumigation?</h3>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Brassica crops naturally contain compounds called </span><b>glucosinolates</b><span style="font-weight: 400;"> and an enzyme known as </span><b>myrosinase</b><span style="font-weight: 400;">. While these remain separate in a living plant, chopping and incorporating the crop into the soil causes them to react.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">This reaction produces </span><b>isothiocyanates (ITCs)</b><span style="font-weight: 400;">, natural compounds that are chemically similar to those found in some synthetic soil fumigants.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">These ITCs can help suppress:</span></p>
<ul>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Soil-borne fungi</span></li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Harmful nematodes</span></li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Certain weed seeds</span></li>
</ul>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">This makes biofumigation an effective tool for improving soil health before establishing a new crop.</span></p>
<p>&nbsp;</p></div>
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				<span class="et_pb_image_wrap "><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1000" height="1000" src="https://hygrotech.co.zm/wp-content/uploads/2026/07/Biofumigation-Table-1.jpg" alt="" title="Biofumigation Table 1" srcset="https://hygrotech.co.zm/wp-content/uploads/2026/07/Biofumigation-Table-1.jpg 1000w, https://hygrotech.co.zm/wp-content/uploads/2026/07/Biofumigation-Table-1-980x980.jpg 980w, https://hygrotech.co.zm/wp-content/uploads/2026/07/Biofumigation-Table-1-480x480.jpg 480w" sizes="(min-width: 0px) and (max-width: 480px) 480px, (min-width: 481px) and (max-width: 980px) 980px, (min-width: 981px) 1000px, 100vw" class="wp-image-8956" /></span>
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				<div class="et_pb_text_inner"><h3>Not Every Brassica Performs the Same</h3>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Many growers choose crops such as canola, rapeseed or mustard for biofumigation. While all belong to the Brassica family, research has shown that their ability to suppress soil pathogens varies considerably.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">The three main mustard species used in biofumigation are:</span></p>
<ul>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1"><b>White (Yellow) Mustard</b><span style="font-weight: 400;"> (</span><i><span style="font-weight: 400;">Sinapis alba</span></i><span style="font-weight: 400;">)</span></li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1"><b>Indian (Oriental) Mustard</b><span style="font-weight: 400;"> (</span><i><span style="font-weight: 400;">Brassica juncea</span></i><span style="font-weight: 400;">)</span></li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1"><b>Black Mustard</b><span style="font-weight: 400;"> (</span><i><span style="font-weight: 400;">Brassica nigra</span></i><span style="font-weight: 400;">)</span></li>
</ul>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Each species contains different levels and types of glucosinolates, resulting in varying concentrations of pathogen-suppressing ITCs.</span></p></div>
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				<div class="et_pb_text_inner"><h3>Why Indian Mustard Stands Out</h3>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Research has consistently shown that </span><b>Indian mustard (Brassica juncea)</b><span style="font-weight: 400;"> is one of the most effective biofumigation crops available.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Compared with Yellow Mustard, Indian Mustard contains:</span></p>
<ul>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Higher glucosinolate levels</span></li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1"><span style="font-weight: 400;">More biologically active ITCs</span></li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Greater suppression of important soil-borne pathogens</span></li>
</ul>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">These characteristics make it a superior option for biological soil management.</span></p></div>
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				<div class="et_pb_text_inner"><h3>Research Proven Results</h3>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Trials comparing different Brassica species found significant differences in disease suppression.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Indian Mustard achieved:</span></p>
<ul>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1"><b>100% suppression</b><span style="font-weight: 400;"> of:</span></li>
<ul>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="2"><i><span style="font-weight: 400;">Rhizoctonia solani</span></i></li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="2"><i><span style="font-weight: 400;">Phytophthora erythroseptica</span></i></li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="2"><i><span style="font-weight: 400;">Pythium ultimum</span></i></li>
</ul>
</ul>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">It also provided excellent suppression of:</span></p>
<ul>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1"><span style="font-weight: 400;">White mould (</span><i><span style="font-weight: 400;">Sclerotinia sclerotiorum</span></i><span style="font-weight: 400;">)</span></li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Fusarium dry rot (</span><i><span style="font-weight: 400;">Fusarium sambucinum</span></i><span style="font-weight: 400;">)</span></li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Fusarium wilt (</span><i><span style="font-weight: 400;">Fusarium oxysporum</span></i><span style="font-weight: 400;">)</span></li>
</ul>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">By comparison, Yellow Mustard produced substantially lower levels of disease control and, in some cases, performed worse than crops not traditionally used for biofumigation, such as barley.</span></p></div>
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				<div class="et_pb_text_inner"><blockquote>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Researchers concluded that </span><b>Indian Mustard delivered the lowest disease incidence and the greatest overall reduction in soil pathogens.</b></p>
</blockquote></div>
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				<span class="et_pb_image_wrap "><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1640" height="924" src="https://hygrotech.co.zm/wp-content/uploads/2026/07/Biofumigation-Table-2.jpg" alt="" title="Biofumigation Table 2" srcset="https://hygrotech.co.zm/wp-content/uploads/2026/07/Biofumigation-Table-2.jpg 1640w, https://hygrotech.co.zm/wp-content/uploads/2026/07/Biofumigation-Table-2-1280x721.jpg 1280w, https://hygrotech.co.zm/wp-content/uploads/2026/07/Biofumigation-Table-2-980x552.jpg 980w, https://hygrotech.co.zm/wp-content/uploads/2026/07/Biofumigation-Table-2-480x270.jpg 480w" sizes="(min-width: 0px) and (max-width: 480px) 480px, (min-width: 481px) and (max-width: 980px) 980px, (min-width: 981px) and (max-width: 1280px) 1280px, (min-width: 1281px) 1640px, 100vw" class="wp-image-8957" /></span>
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				<div class="et_pb_text_inner"><h3>Benefits Beyond Disease Suppression</h3>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Biofumigation with Indian Mustard offers more than pathogen control.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">When incorporated correctly, it also helps:</span></p>
<ul>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Increase organic matter</span></li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Improve soil structure</span></li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Encourage beneficial soil microorganisms</span></li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Support healthier soil biology</span></li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Reduce reliance on chemical fumigation</span></li>
</ul>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Because beneficial microorganisms are less affected by ITCs than many harmful pathogens, Indian Mustard can help create a healthier soil ecosystem over time.</span></p></div>
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				<div class="et_pb_text_inner"><h3>Choosing the Right Biofumigation Crop</h3>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Biofumigation can be a valuable addition to an integrated crop management programme, but its success depends on choosing the right species and managing it correctly. Research clearly shows that not all Brassicas provide the same level of disease suppression, making crop selection just as important as establishment and incorporation practices.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">By understanding the strengths of different biofumigation crops, farmers can improve soil health, reduce disease pressure, and lay the foundation for healthier, more productive crops in future seasons.</span></p></div>
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				<div class="et_pb_text_inner"><h3>Key Takeaways</h3>
<ul>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Not all Brassica crops provide the same biofumigation benefits.</span></li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Indian mustard has consistently demonstrated higher pathogen suppression than Yellow mustard.</span></li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Biofumigation can help suppress soil-borne diseases, nematodes, and certain weed seeds.</span></li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Successful results depend on choosing the right crop and following good establishment and incorporation practices.</span></li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Biofumigation is most effective when used as part of an integrated soil health management programme.</span></li>
</ul></div>
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				<div class="et_pb_text_inner"><p><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">(Written by JJ de Klerk, Technical Marketing Manager)</span></em></p></div>
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<p>The post <a href="https://hygrotech.co.zm/biofumigation-explained/">Biofumigation Explained</a> appeared first on <a href="https://hygrotech.co.zm">Hygrotech (Zambia)</a>.</p>
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		<title>Kic-Starter for Stronger Roots</title>
		<link>https://hygrotech.co.zm/kic-starter-for-stronger-roots/</link>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Hygrotech Zambia]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 02 Jun 2026 13:01:35 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[FertAgChem]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://hygrotech.co.zm/?p=8934</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[<p>Kic-Starter is a nutrient solution that stimulates root development and improves nutrient uptake for healthier growth.</p>
<p>The post <a href="https://hygrotech.co.zm/kic-starter-for-stronger-roots/">Kic-Starter for Stronger Roots</a> appeared first on <a href="https://hygrotech.co.zm">Hygrotech (Zambia)</a>.</p>
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				<div class="et_pb_text_inner"><h3><strong>What is Kic-Starter?</strong></h3>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Kic-Starter is a water soluble 7:3:1 nutrient solution with chelated cation micro elements and auxins which can be used as a root stimulant or growth stimulant.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;"></span></p>
<h3><strong>When to use Kic-Starter?</strong></h3>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Kic-Starter is formulated to stimulate growth during the first crucial weeks after transplanting seedlings or establishing trees. It also stimulates roots of old established crops where production goes down.</span></p></div>
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				<div class="et_pb_text_inner"><h3><strong>Why Kic-Starter?</strong></h3>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">It has promising results and it gives your crop a healthy head start.</span></p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<h3><strong>Key effects are</strong></h3>
<ul>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Cell enlargement and stem growth</span></li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Root initiation</span></li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Apical dominance </span></li>
</ul></div>
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				<span class="et_pb_image_wrap "><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1000" height="1000" src="https://hygrotech.co.zm/wp-content/uploads/2026/06/Kic-Starter-on-Beans.jpg" alt="" title="Kic-Starter on Beans" srcset="https://hygrotech.co.zm/wp-content/uploads/2026/06/Kic-Starter-on-Beans.jpg 1000w, https://hygrotech.co.zm/wp-content/uploads/2026/06/Kic-Starter-on-Beans-980x980.jpg 980w, https://hygrotech.co.zm/wp-content/uploads/2026/06/Kic-Starter-on-Beans-480x480.jpg 480w" sizes="(min-width: 0px) and (max-width: 480px) 480px, (min-width: 481px) and (max-width: 980px) 980px, (min-width: 981px) 1000px, 100vw" class="wp-image-8939" /></span>
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				<span class="et_pb_image_wrap "><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1000" height="1000" src="https://hygrotech.co.zm/wp-content/uploads/2026/06/Kic-Starter-on-Beetroot.jpg" alt="" title="Kic-Starter on Beetroot" srcset="https://hygrotech.co.zm/wp-content/uploads/2026/06/Kic-Starter-on-Beetroot.jpg 1000w, https://hygrotech.co.zm/wp-content/uploads/2026/06/Kic-Starter-on-Beetroot-980x980.jpg 980w, https://hygrotech.co.zm/wp-content/uploads/2026/06/Kic-Starter-on-Beetroot-480x480.jpg 480w" sizes="(min-width: 0px) and (max-width: 480px) 480px, (min-width: 481px) and (max-width: 980px) 980px, (min-width: 981px) 1000px, 100vw" class="wp-image-8940" /></span>
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				<span class="et_pb_image_wrap "><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1000" height="1000" src="https://hygrotech.co.zm/wp-content/uploads/2026/06/Kic-Starter-on-Maize.jpg" alt="" title="Kic-Starter on Maize" srcset="https://hygrotech.co.zm/wp-content/uploads/2026/06/Kic-Starter-on-Maize.jpg 1000w, https://hygrotech.co.zm/wp-content/uploads/2026/06/Kic-Starter-on-Maize-980x980.jpg 980w, https://hygrotech.co.zm/wp-content/uploads/2026/06/Kic-Starter-on-Maize-480x480.jpg 480w" sizes="(min-width: 0px) and (max-width: 480px) 480px, (min-width: 481px) and (max-width: 980px) 980px, (min-width: 981px) 1000px, 100vw" class="wp-image-8941" /></span>
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				<div class="et_pb_text_inner"><h3><strong>What are Auxins?</strong></h3>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Auxins are one of the 5 major classes of plant hormones. In general, plant hormones control every aspect of plant growth and development. </span></p>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Plant hormones are produced in very small concentrations, but even a minute amount can have a profound effect. Reactions to plant hormones always depend on their relative concentrations compared to other hormones present. </span></p>
<blockquote>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">It is the hormonal balance that controls the growth </span><span style="font-weight: 400;">and development of each plant. </span></p>
</blockquote>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Auxin was the first plant hormone detected. The most prominent auxin is IAA (Indol3-acetic acid). IAA is synthesised from tryptophan or indole </span><span style="font-weight: 400;">primarily in leaf primordia, young leaves and in developing seeds. </span></p>
<blockquote>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Auxin is the key plant hormone as it not only initiates different effects but also controls the action of all other plant hormones like cytokines and gibberellin.</span></p>
</blockquote></div>
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				<div class="et_pb_text_inner"><h3><strong>Balance of auxin and cytokines</strong></h3>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">In the 1950’s a series of experiments showed how the ratio between auxin and cytokines works. If auxin is added to a plant then the cells grow very large but they don’t divide. If cytokines are added &#8211; and auxin is present &#8211; then the plant cells divide. Therefore, the ratio of auxin to cytokines determines how the cells will differentiate. In young plants, a surplus of auxin will initiate root growth. A higher concentration of cytokines will support the development of shoots and shoot buds. If the concentrations of both are equal then the plant cells will grow but will remain undifferentiated. The exogenous application of auxin will promote root growth and initiate the synthesis of cytokines in the root meristem. These freshly produced cytokines will signal the plant to grow more shoots, leading to a naturally balanced bigger and stronger plant. </span></p>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">The auxin-like activity and phosphate dominated extract stimulates prolific adventitious root formation when Kic-starter is applied to almost any plant. This drastic increase in root tips leads to an increased level of cytokines in treated plants, as this group of hormones is mainly produced in root tips. The increased root volume and number of root tips also increase moisture and nutrient uptake from the soil. The improved nutrient status together with the higher level of cytokines in the plant secure better top growth that causes the increase in yield and quality of crops. The improved root system also makes the plant more resistant to stresses such as drought, waterlogging, soil nutrient deficiency and salinity, nematode infestations and soil borne diseases. </span></p>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Kic-starter applied to plants in nurseries not only shortens the period in the nursery prior to plant-out, but also produces plants with a stronger root system, showing enhanced transplant shock resistance. Kic-starter’s efficiency as a cost effective agricultural fertiliser has been proven in numerous programmes under differing climatic conditions and on a wide variety of crops. Kic-starter has a broad application base, is easy to apply and is compatible with most crop protection chemicals and foliar feeds. Its consistency in result and cost efficiency has led to its position in the market.</span></p></div>
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				<span class="et_pb_image_wrap "><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1000" height="1000" src="https://hygrotech.co.zm/wp-content/uploads/2026/06/Kic-Starter-on-Sugar-Cane.jpg" alt="" title="Kic-Starter on Sugar Cane" srcset="https://hygrotech.co.zm/wp-content/uploads/2026/06/Kic-Starter-on-Sugar-Cane.jpg 1000w, https://hygrotech.co.zm/wp-content/uploads/2026/06/Kic-Starter-on-Sugar-Cane-980x980.jpg 980w, https://hygrotech.co.zm/wp-content/uploads/2026/06/Kic-Starter-on-Sugar-Cane-480x480.jpg 480w" sizes="(min-width: 0px) and (max-width: 480px) 480px, (min-width: 481px) and (max-width: 980px) 980px, (min-width: 981px) 1000px, 100vw" class="wp-image-8942" /></span>
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				<span class="et_pb_image_wrap "><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1000" height="1000" src="https://hygrotech.co.zm/wp-content/uploads/2026/06/Kic-Starter-on-Tomatoes.jpg" alt="" title="Kic-Starter on Tomatoes" srcset="https://hygrotech.co.zm/wp-content/uploads/2026/06/Kic-Starter-on-Tomatoes.jpg 1000w, https://hygrotech.co.zm/wp-content/uploads/2026/06/Kic-Starter-on-Tomatoes-980x980.jpg 980w, https://hygrotech.co.zm/wp-content/uploads/2026/06/Kic-Starter-on-Tomatoes-480x480.jpg 480w" sizes="(min-width: 0px) and (max-width: 480px) 480px, (min-width: 481px) and (max-width: 980px) 980px, (min-width: 981px) 1000px, 100vw" class="wp-image-8943" /></span>
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				<span class="et_pb_image_wrap "><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1000" height="1000" src="https://hygrotech.co.zm/wp-content/uploads/2026/06/Kic-Starter-on-Potatoes.jpg" alt="" title="Kic-Starter on Potatoes" srcset="https://hygrotech.co.zm/wp-content/uploads/2026/06/Kic-Starter-on-Potatoes.jpg 1000w, https://hygrotech.co.zm/wp-content/uploads/2026/06/Kic-Starter-on-Potatoes-980x980.jpg 980w, https://hygrotech.co.zm/wp-content/uploads/2026/06/Kic-Starter-on-Potatoes-480x480.jpg 480w" sizes="(min-width: 0px) and (max-width: 480px) 480px, (min-width: 481px) and (max-width: 980px) 980px, (min-width: 981px) 1000px, 100vw" class="wp-image-8944" /></span>
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				<div class="et_pb_text_inner"><h3><strong>How to use Kic-Starter</strong></h3>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">It can be applied as soil drench or in the planting hole of seedlings or trees and also through a drip irrigation system a few days after transplanting. It is compatible with most fungicides and pesticides except those who contain large amounts of copper or sulphur and alkaline materials. See the leaflet for the dosage of different applications and more information. </span></p></div>
			</div><div class="et_pb_button_module_wrapper et_pb_button_1_wrapper  et_pb_module ">
				<a class="et_pb_button et_pb_button_1 et_pb_bg_layout_light" href="https://hygrotech.co.zm/product/kic-starter/">Shop Here</a>
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				<div class="et_pb_text_inner"><p><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">(Written by Pieter Vorster, Fertagchem Technical Manager)</span></em></p></div>
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<p>The post <a href="https://hygrotech.co.zm/kic-starter-for-stronger-roots/">Kic-Starter for Stronger Roots</a> appeared first on <a href="https://hygrotech.co.zm">Hygrotech (Zambia)</a>.</p>
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		<title>Water Quality &#038; Crops</title>
		<link>https://hygrotech.co.zm/water-quality-crops/</link>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Hygrotech Zambia]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 07 May 2026 15:10:24 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Miscellaneous]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://hygrotech.co.zm/?p=8924</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[<p>Understanding pH, EC, water hardness, and buffer capacity can help optimize spray applications and improve results.</p>
<p>The post <a href="https://hygrotech.co.zm/water-quality-crops/">Water Quality &amp; Crops</a> appeared first on <a href="https://hygrotech.co.zm">Hygrotech (Zambia)</a>.</p>
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<div class="et_pb_section et_pb_section_5 et_section_regular" >
				
				
				
				
				
				
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				<div class="et_pb_text_inner"><h3>Understanding pH in Water</h3>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Water quality and pH are often mentioned in the same sentence. pH is an indication of the acidity of a solution. It is determined by the number of free hydrogen ions (H⁺) in a solution. The pH of water can vary between 0–14. Where pH &lt; 7, it is acidic; when pH &gt; 7, it is basic; and when pH = 7, it is neutral.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">pH is a logarithmic function, which means that when the pH falls by 1 unit, the solution becomes 10 times more acidic. When the pH falls by 3 units, the solution becomes 1,000 times more acidic.</span> <span style="font-weight: 400;">The pH of spray water can easily be measured with a portable Eutech pH meter available at Hygrotech.</span></p></div>
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				<div class="et_pb_text_inner"><h3>What is Electrical Conductivity (EC)?</h3>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">A common mistake made by farmers is referring to water as “hard” based on a high pH and high salt content. Electrical conductivity (EC) measures the capacity of water to conduct an electrical current and is directly related to the total dissolved salts (TDS) in water. Salts dissolve into positively charged ions and negatively charged ions, which conduct electricity.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">The EC of spray water can easily be measured with a portable Eutech EC meter available at Hygrotech. Although this test does not identify the ions present, it does show if there is a potential problem.</span></p></div>
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				<div class="et_pb_text_inner"><h3>EC vs Hard Water</h3>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Do not confuse salt concentration with the hardness of water. Hard water is caused by positively charged minerals, primarily calcium (Ca²⁺) and magnesium (Mg²⁺), which are both multivalent ions.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Monovalent ions like Na⁺ and Cl⁻ also form part of the EC of a solution, but do not contribute to the hardness of water. It is possible to have an EC &gt; 225 mS/m, which would normally be considered hard water, but it might be that only 25 mS/m comes from Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺, in which case it should actually be considered soft water. Generally, spray water with an EC &lt; 75 mS/m is considered soft water.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">When the EC of spray water is higher than 75 mS/m, it is advisable to test for antagonising cations like calcium and magnesium at an external environmental laboratory.</span></p></div>
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				<span class="et_pb_image_wrap "><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1000" height="1000" src="https://hygrotech.co.zm/wp-content/uploads/2026/05/2.jpg" alt="Testing Water Quality on Crops" title="Testing Water Quality on Crops" srcset="https://hygrotech.co.zm/wp-content/uploads/2026/05/2.jpg 1000w, https://hygrotech.co.zm/wp-content/uploads/2026/05/2-980x980.jpg 980w, https://hygrotech.co.zm/wp-content/uploads/2026/05/2-480x480.jpg 480w" sizes="(min-width: 0px) and (max-width: 480px) 480px, (min-width: 481px) and (max-width: 980px) 980px, (min-width: 981px) 1000px, 100vw" class="wp-image-8928" /></span>
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				<div class="et_pb_text_inner"><h3>How Hard Water Affects Pesticides</h3>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">A greater concentration of Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺ results in hard water. If a pesticide is negatively charged, these minerals will bind to the pesticide, reducing its effectiveness. Herbicides like Glyphosate are subject to these types of bonds in water.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">To overcome this effect, ammonium sulphate (AMS) is used to increase the herbicide’s efficacy. AMS also binds to cations and adjusts the pH so that the herbicide is taken up across the leaf surface.</span></p>
<h3>Understanding Buffer Capacity</h3>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">It is also important to consider the buffer capacity of the spray water. Buffer capacity basically tells you how much acid or base can be added before the pH starts changing. You might find that when adding the recommended amount of acidifier to your spray water, the pH stays the same. You might even add double the recommended dose before the pH drops.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">If your spray water has a high buffer capacity, you would need to add a large amount of acidifier before the pH starts to change. If your spray water has a low buffer capacity, the pH will drop instantly when adding an acidifier, and you might over-acidify the water without realising it.</span></p>
<h3>Carbonates and Bicarbonates in Spray Water</h3>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Carbonate (CO₃²⁻) and bicarbonate (HCO₃⁻) ions are the main culprits influencing buffer capacity. This is because bicarbonates and carbonates react with the hydrogen ions (H⁺) from the acid, preventing them from lowering the pH. Once all the bicarbonates and carbonates have reacted with H⁺, the acid is free to lower the pH.</span></p></div>
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				<div class="et_pb_text_inner"><p><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">(Written by San-Mari Louw)</span></em></p></div>
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<p>The post <a href="https://hygrotech.co.zm/water-quality-crops/">Water Quality &amp; Crops</a> appeared first on <a href="https://hygrotech.co.zm">Hygrotech (Zambia)</a>.</p>
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		<title>Kale: The Mighty Superfood</title>
		<link>https://hygrotech.co.zm/kale-the-mighty-superfood/</link>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Hygrotech Zambia]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 07 Apr 2026 14:44:18 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Vegetable Production]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://hygrotech.co.zm/?p=8911</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[<p>Kale has earned its place at the top of the superfood list. It's a versatile powerhouse that delivers nutrition in every bite.</p>
<p>The post <a href="https://hygrotech.co.zm/kale-the-mighty-superfood/">Kale: The Mighty Superfood</a> appeared first on <a href="https://hygrotech.co.zm">Hygrotech (Zambia)</a>.</p>
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				<div class="et_pb_text_inner"><p><span>Kale is fast becoming recognized as one of the new “Super Foods,” together with sprouting broccoli. Interest in supplying kale to various markets in South Africa is growing at a rapid rate, and Hygrotech is pleased to announce that we are now offering a range of kale varieties to the South African market and growers.</span></p></div>
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				<span class="et_pb_image_wrap "><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1000" height="1000" src="https://hygrotech.co.zm/wp-content/uploads/2026/04/Kale_The_Mighty_Superfood_1.jpg" alt="" title="Kale_The_Mighty_Superfood_1" srcset="https://hygrotech.co.zm/wp-content/uploads/2026/04/Kale_The_Mighty_Superfood_1.jpg 1000w, https://hygrotech.co.zm/wp-content/uploads/2026/04/Kale_The_Mighty_Superfood_1-980x980.jpg 980w, https://hygrotech.co.zm/wp-content/uploads/2026/04/Kale_The_Mighty_Superfood_1-480x480.jpg 480w" sizes="(min-width: 0px) and (max-width: 480px) 480px, (min-width: 481px) and (max-width: 980px) 980px, (min-width: 981px) 1000px, 100vw" class="wp-image-8917" /></span>
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				<div class="et_pb_text_inner"><h4 dir="ltr"><strong>Health Aspects</strong></h4>
<p dir="ltr"><span>Kale contains more than 1,000 percent of the recommended daily intake of vitamin K, 98 percent of vitamin A, and 71 percent of vitamin C &#8211; that’s more than an orange! Kale is also a great source of calcium, magnesium, iron, and antioxidants, and has a good balance of omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids, which are necessary for heart health.</span></p>
<p dir="ltr"><span>Red kale varieties are also very high in anthocyanins. Anthocyanins are a type of flavonoid, a class of compounds with antioxidant effects. Found naturally in a number of foods, anthocyanins are the pigments that give red, purple, and blue plants their rich coloring. In addition to acting as antioxidants and fighting free radicals, anthocyanins may offer anti-inflammatory, anti-viral, and anti-cancer benefits.</span></p></div>
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				<div class="et_pb_text_inner"><blockquote>
<p><span>Kale is associated with many health benefits, from having a high nutrient profile to helping manage diabetes, weight, and cholesterol, as well as supporting heart, brain, and bone health. Kale is also well known for its role in cancer prevention.</span></p>
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				<div class="et_pb_text_inner"><h4 dir="ltr">Cavolo Nero (Black Kale)</h4></div>
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				<span class="et_pb_image_wrap "><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1000" height="988" src="https://hygrotech.co.zm/wp-content/uploads/2026/04/Kale_The_Mighty_Superfood_Cavalo_Nero.jpg" alt="Why Foliar Feed a Plant?" title="Kale_The_Mighty_Superfood_Cavalo_Nero" srcset="https://hygrotech.co.zm/wp-content/uploads/2026/04/Kale_The_Mighty_Superfood_Cavalo_Nero.jpg 1000w, https://hygrotech.co.zm/wp-content/uploads/2026/04/Kale_The_Mighty_Superfood_Cavalo_Nero-980x968.jpg 980w, https://hygrotech.co.zm/wp-content/uploads/2026/04/Kale_The_Mighty_Superfood_Cavalo_Nero-480x474.jpg 480w" sizes="(min-width: 0px) and (max-width: 480px) 480px, (min-width: 481px) and (max-width: 980px) 980px, (min-width: 981px) 1000px, 100vw" class="wp-image-8919" /></span>
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				<div class="et_pb_text_inner"><p dir="ltr"><span>Cavolo Nero is also known as black kale, black cabbage, Tuscan kale, or by its Italian names Lacinato and Nero di Toscana. With its distinctive long, dark green, almost black leaves, Cavolo Nero originates from the fields of Tuscany, where it is believed to have first been grown in 600 BC. Generations of Italians have appreciated the delights of Cavolo Nero, and now South Africans are catching on to its benefits too.</span></p>
<p dir="ltr"><span>Many traditional Italian and Portuguese dishes are made with kale, from soups through to main meals. Cavolo Nero is an extremely versatile vegetable with a marvelous, rich, intense, and slightly sweet flavor, which means it can be used in a number of different ways. It is great in hearty meals like minestrone soup, but is also delicious in lighter dishes such as salads.</span></p></div>
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				<a class="et_pb_button et_pb_button_2 et_pb_bg_layout_light" href="https://hygrotech.co.zm/product/cavolo-nero/">Shop Here</a>
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				<div class="et_pb_text_inner"><h4 dir="ltr"><span><strong>Southern Blue F1 (Curly</strong> Kale)</span></h4></div>
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				<span class="et_pb_image_wrap "><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1000" height="1200" src="https://hygrotech.co.zm/wp-content/uploads/2026/04/Kale_The_Mighty_Superfood_Southern_Blue.jpg" alt="Why Foliar Feed a Plant?" title="Kale_The_Mighty_Superfood_Southern_Blue" srcset="https://hygrotech.co.zm/wp-content/uploads/2026/04/Kale_The_Mighty_Superfood_Southern_Blue.jpg 1000w, https://hygrotech.co.zm/wp-content/uploads/2026/04/Kale_The_Mighty_Superfood_Southern_Blue-980x1176.jpg 980w, https://hygrotech.co.zm/wp-content/uploads/2026/04/Kale_The_Mighty_Superfood_Southern_Blue-480x576.jpg 480w" sizes="(min-width: 0px) and (max-width: 480px) 480px, (min-width: 481px) and (max-width: 980px) 980px, (min-width: 981px) 1000px, 100vw" class="wp-image-8918" /></span>
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				<div class="et_pb_text_inner"><p><span>Southern Blue is a dwarf, blue-green curly kale type that is fast becoming our leading variety. It complements salads and is excellent when steamed. This variety is also tolerant of cold weather.</span></p></div>
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				<a class="et_pb_button et_pb_button_3 et_pb_bg_layout_light" href="https://hygrotech.co.zm/product/southern-blue-f1/">Shop Here</a>
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				<div class="et_pb_text_inner"><p dir="ltr"><em>Written by: Michael Pinto &amp; Robert Young.</em></p>
<p dir="ltr"><em>Product Manager: Michael Pinto.</em></p></div>
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<p>The post <a href="https://hygrotech.co.zm/kale-the-mighty-superfood/">Kale: The Mighty Superfood</a> appeared first on <a href="https://hygrotech.co.zm">Hygrotech (Zambia)</a>.</p>
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		<title>Lucerne</title>
		<link>https://hygrotech.co.zm/lucerne/</link>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Hygrotech Zambia]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 06 Mar 2026 07:02:16 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Vegetable Production]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://hygrotech.co.zm/?p=8897</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[<p>Lucerne needs consistent nutrient support. Foliar feeding can help supply essential nutrients quickly, supporting healthy growth and strong yields.</p>
<p>The post <a href="https://hygrotech.co.zm/lucerne/">Lucerne</a> appeared first on <a href="https://hygrotech.co.zm">Hygrotech (Zambia)</a>.</p>
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				<div class="et_pb_text_inner"><h3 style="text-align: left;">Nutritional Requirements for Optimal Results</h3>
<p>Lucerne, also called Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), is known to be the oldest cultivated crop specifically grown for animal feed. Academic literature traces its origin back to Central Asia, but it is currently grown in most parts of the world under a wide range of climatic conditions to produce various forms of feed for a number of domesticated farm animal species. The well-developed taproot system of lucerne plants provides access to water reserves deeper than 5 metres in some recorded cases, enabling it to survive extended periods of drought.</p>
<p>Management practices for lucerne production need to be in place before establishing the crop itself. This mainly entails (i) the choice of a suitable land area, (ii) nutritional analysis of the soil, (iii) corrective measures based on these results, and (iv) proper seedbed preparation. The weed spectrum must be addressed by either eradicating, or at least limiting, the amount of viable weed seed that may interfere with the growth and development of a newly planted lucerne crop. If applicable, the planned irrigation system must also be correctly laid out to ensure its efficacy.</p></div>
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				<div class="et_pb_text_inner"><p style="font-weight: 400; text-align: center;"><strong><em> Table 1 &#8211; Amount of nutrient elements removed from the soil per ton dry material lucerne produced according to Undersander et al 1994:</em></strong></p></div>
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				<span class="et_pb_image_wrap "><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="800" height="1200" src="https://hygrotech.co.zm/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/table-1.jpg" alt="" title="table 1" srcset="https://hygrotech.co.zm/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/table-1.jpg 800w, https://hygrotech.co.zm/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/table-1-480x720.jpg 480w" sizes="(min-width: 0px) and (max-width: 480px) 480px, (min-width: 481px) 800px, 100vw" class="wp-image-8904" /></span>
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				<div class="et_pb_text_inner"><p style="text-align: left;">Recent advances in chemical weed control now allow more frequent planting and establishment timeframes, as opposed to the traditionally limited periods in early spring and late summer. Active ingredients of herbicides such as bromoxynil (nitrile), propaquizafop, imazamox (40 SL), and paraquat can be applied at various growth stages throughout production.</p>
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<p style="text-align: left;">When considering the nutritional requirements of lucerne, various academic strategies have been trialed and tested in order to achieve optimal yields.</p>
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<p style="text-align: left;">Yield is normally measured in tonnes per hectare (t/ha), although many farmers and producers also refer to the number of bales (either square or round) per unit surface area. Average data collected under local South African conditions under irrigated production indicate possible yields of 30–55 tonnes of wet mass per hectare per season, resulting in an estimated 15–25 t/ha of dry material.</p>
<p style="text-align: left;">Figures for non-irrigated (dryland) production vary greatly depending on rainfall, with an average final dry yield of 4–8 t/ha per season. It should be noted that maximum yield in terms of wet and/or dry mass does not always translate into maximum financial return.</p></div>
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				<div class="et_pb_text_inner"><p>Because many nutrients are removed from the soil during production, it is generally not recommended that a fertilisation program be based solely on nutrient removal values. Fertilisation should rather be planned according to soil analyses, as this provides the most reliable method for preventing nutrient deficiencies.</p>
<p>Potential average yields of 15–25 t/ha of dry matter per season under irrigation are expected to vary between different production systems and climatic regions. Yield will also depend on the dormancy group of the specific variety or cultivar used, as well as the nutritional status of the soil and how effectively this is maintained.</p>
<p dir="ltr"><span>Applications of foliar sprays in the form of specifically formulated products have been shown to enhance overall performance in terms of yield and quality in lucerne fields. Under optimal environmental conditions, a significant proportion of the active ingredients in these products assist biological, physiological, and biochemical processes within the plant.</span></p></div>
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				<span class="et_pb_image_wrap "><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1000" height="1200" src="https://hygrotech.co.zm/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/3.jpg" alt="Why Foliar Feed a Plant?" title="3" srcset="https://hygrotech.co.zm/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/3.jpg 1000w, https://hygrotech.co.zm/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/3-980x1176.jpg 980w, https://hygrotech.co.zm/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/3-480x576.jpg 480w" sizes="(min-width: 0px) and (max-width: 480px) 480px, (min-width: 481px) and (max-width: 980px) 980px, (min-width: 981px) 1000px, 100vw" class="wp-image-8903" /></span>
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				<div class="et_pb_text_inner"><p style="font-weight: 400; text-align: center;"><em><strong>Table 2 &#8211; Guidelines for applying phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) based on soil analyses, published by The National Lucerne Trust (NTL):</strong></em></p></div>
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				<span class="et_pb_image_wrap "><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1000" height="1200" src="https://hygrotech.co.zm/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/2.jpg" alt="Why Foliar Feed a Plant?" title="2" srcset="https://hygrotech.co.zm/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/2.jpg 1000w, https://hygrotech.co.zm/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/2-980x1176.jpg 980w, https://hygrotech.co.zm/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/2-480x576.jpg 480w" sizes="(min-width: 0px) and (max-width: 480px) 480px, (min-width: 481px) and (max-width: 980px) 980px, (min-width: 981px) 1000px, 100vw" class="wp-image-8905" /></span>
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				<div class="et_pb_text_inner"><p dir="ltr"><span>From a plant nutrition perspective, the most important macro- and micro-elements are supplied when using a weekly or bi-weekly foliar spray program. Foliar applications of phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) should be applied within the first two weeks after cutting. In addition, </span><span>SPOREKILL®</span><span> is added with the first foliar application to combat possible secondary disease infections that may occur after bruising of new growth during cutting or harvesting.</span></p>
<p dir="ltr"><strong>FOSFASPRAY</strong><span> is a water-soluble nutrient mixture with phosphate as the main component, containing 253 g of phosphorus per kilogram of formulated product. Phosphate plays an important role in photosynthesis and is a key structural component of plant cells. It also stimulates root development, thereby improving water and nutrient uptake.</span></p>
<p dir="ltr"><strong>POTASPRAY</strong><span> contains 179 g of potassium (K) per kilogram of concentrated, water-soluble product. Potassium is well known for its primary role in the translocation of water and dissolved nutrients throughout the vascular system of plants. When potassium supply is reduced, intracellular movement of nitrates, phosphates, calcium, magnesium, and amino acids is restricted.</span></p></div>
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				<div class="et_pb_text_inner"><p dir="ltr"><span><strong>HYGROBUFF</strong> 4</span><span> is added as a buffering agent to optimise the pH of the spray mixture and should always be added first, followed by the nutrient components and other products in that order.</span></p>
<p dir="ltr"><strong>ASCO-GRO</strong><span> seaweed extract contains auxins and cytokinins (plant growth hormones in amino acid form) that enhance growth and provide relief from plant stress conditions such as extreme temperature fluctuations.</span></p>
<p dir="ltr"><span>It is generally accepted that the ratio between calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) in soil and plants should be maintained at a cation composition of approximately 65% to 25% on a milliequivalent percentage basis. </span><strong>CALMABON LIQUID</strong><span> is ideally suited to meet these requirements. Excess calcium may result in boron deficiency; the added boron in this formulation assists in preventing this problem.</span></p>
<p dir="ltr"><strong>Nu-Film P</strong><span> sticker is added last to ensure maximum uptake of the applied components through the leaf cuticle and to provide protection against wash-off caused by rain or irrigation water.</span></p></div>
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				<div class="et_pb_text_inner"><h4 dir="ltr"><span>Key Strengths of Lucerne</span></h4>
<p dir="ltr"><span>• </span><strong>Drought tolerant:</strong><span> Lucerne has a deep rooting system that allows access to water and nutrients beyond the root zone of many other crops.</span><span><br /></span><span>• </span><strong>Soil builder:</strong><span><strong> </strong>As a legume, lucerne increases soil nitrogen (N) and organic matter, improving soil structure and fertility.</span><span><br /></span><span>• </span><strong>Versatile:</strong><span><strong> </strong>Can be used for on-farm grazing, forage conservation, or for producing silage or hay for sale.</span><span><br /></span><span>• </span><strong>Perennial crop:</strong><span> Lucerne produces green feed for much of the year, with a productive stand life of 5–7 years.</span><span><br /></span><span>•<strong> </strong></span><strong>Wide adaptability:</strong><span><strong> </strong>Lucerne performs well across a range of climatic and soil conditions.</span><span><br /></span><span>•<strong> </strong></span><strong>High yielding:</strong><span> Lucerne produces approximately 12–20 t DM/ha/year.</span><span><br /></span><span>• </span><strong>Excellent feed quality:</strong><span> Lucerne can be used to improve animal performance.</span><span><br /></span><span>• </span><strong>Strong global focus on lucerne breeding:</strong><span> Continuous breeding efforts ensure the availability of new varieties with improved yield potential and enhanced disease resistance.</span></p></div>
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				<div class="et_pb_text_inner"><p style="font-weight: 400; text-align: center;"><em><strong>Table 3 &#8211; Advised foliar spray application program with water soluble fertilizers on lucerne:</strong></em></p></div>
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				<span class="et_pb_image_wrap "><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1640" height="707" src="https://hygrotech.co.zm/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/Image-1.png" alt="" title="Image 1" srcset="https://hygrotech.co.zm/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/Image-1.png 1640w, https://hygrotech.co.zm/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/Image-1-1280x552.png 1280w, https://hygrotech.co.zm/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/Image-1-980x422.png 980w, https://hygrotech.co.zm/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/Image-1-480x207.png 480w" sizes="(min-width: 0px) and (max-width: 480px) 480px, (min-width: 481px) and (max-width: 980px) 980px, (min-width: 981px) and (max-width: 1280px) 1280px, (min-width: 1281px) 1640px, 100vw" class="wp-image-8906" /></span>
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				<a class="et_pb_button et_pb_button_4 et_pb_bg_layout_light" href="https://hygrotech.co.zm/product-category/seeds/pasture-seeds/">Shop Lucerne</a>
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<p>The post <a href="https://hygrotech.co.zm/lucerne/">Lucerne</a> appeared first on <a href="https://hygrotech.co.zm">Hygrotech (Zambia)</a>.</p>
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		<title>Why Foliar Feed?</title>
		<link>https://hygrotech.co.zm/why-foliar-feed/</link>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Hygrotech Zambia]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 03 Feb 2026 15:26:14 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[FertAgChem]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://hygrotech.co.zm/?p=8881</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[<p>Foliar feeding is a proven, efficient method of correcting nutrient deficiencies and boosting plant development at specific physiological stages.</p>
<p>The post <a href="https://hygrotech.co.zm/why-foliar-feed/">Why Foliar Feed?</a> appeared first on <a href="https://hygrotech.co.zm">Hygrotech (Zambia)</a>.</p>
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										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><div class="et_pb_section et_pb_section_8 et_section_regular" >
				
				
				
				
				
				
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				<div class="et_pb_text_inner"><h3 style="text-align: left;">What is foliar feeding?</h3>
<p style="text-align: left;">Foliar feeding gives plants a direct boost of nutrients through their leaves. This happens via thousands of microscopic pores on leaf surfaces. These openings, called stomata (Greek: stoma, meaning “mouth”), are located primarily on the underside of leaves. Their position helps prevent clogging from dust and other environmental contaminants, and also reduces the risk of fungal spores entering.</p>
<p style="text-align: left;">The primary function of stomatal openings is to permit gases containing carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen to enter the plant. These are then used to manufacture sugars during photosynthesis. Conversely, stomata allow water vapour to escape from the plant. In most cases, stomata close at night because carbon dioxide absorption is unnecessary when photosynthesis is not taking place. Stomata may also close on hot, dry days, in heavy winds, or when the soil becomes dry.</p></div>
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				<span class="et_pb_image_wrap "><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="500" height="600" src="https://hygrotech.co.zm/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/2.jpg" alt="" title="Wheat Grass" srcset="https://hygrotech.co.zm/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/2.jpg 500w, https://hygrotech.co.zm/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/2-480x576.jpg 480w" sizes="(min-width: 0px) and (max-width: 480px) 480px, (min-width: 481px) 500px, 100vw" class="wp-image-8885" /></span>
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				<span class="et_pb_image_wrap "><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="500" height="600" src="https://hygrotech.co.zm/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/Image-6-own-page.jpg" alt="" title="Image 6 own page" srcset="https://hygrotech.co.zm/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/Image-6-own-page.jpg 500w, https://hygrotech.co.zm/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/Image-6-own-page-480x576.jpg 480w" sizes="(min-width: 0px) and (max-width: 480px) 480px, (min-width: 481px) 500px, 100vw" class="wp-image-8886" /></span>
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			</div><div class="et_pb_column et_pb_column_2_3 et_pb_column_74  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode_passthrough et-last-child">
				
				
				
				
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				<div class="et_pb_text_inner"><p style="text-align: left;">We can use these stomatal openings to help increase a plant’s growth, health, and overall production through the application of fertilizer in the form of a foliar spray. Stomata are able to absorb dissolved nutrients and minerals and translocate them to the parts of the plant where they are needed.</p>
<blockquote>
<p style="text-align: left;">Foliar feeding is a proven, efficient method of correcting nutrient deficiencies and boosting plant development at specific physiological stages.</p>
</blockquote>
<p style="text-align: left;">In this method of fertilization, nutrient solutions are sprayed directly onto the plant leaves. Foliar feeding can supply the nutrients required for normal crop development in cases where root absorption is suboptimal. Certain plant growth stages are especially important in determining final yields.</p></div>
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				<div class="et_pb_text_inner"><blockquote>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Foliar feeding with fully water‑soluble fertilizers at these critical stages can dramatically increase yields and improve quality. Because nutrient uptake through foliage is considerably faster than through roots, foliar sprays are also the method of choice when rapid correction of nutrient deficiencies is required.</p>
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				<div class="et_pb_text_inner"><p style="text-align: left;">Hygrotech offers a large range of water‑soluble fertilizers such as <a href="https://hygrotech.co.zm/product/hygro-boost-flo/">Hygroboost Flo,</a> <a href="https://hygrotech.co.zm/product/nitrospray-plus/">Nitrospray Plus</a>, <a href="https://hygrotech.co.zm/product/maize-plus/">Maize Plus</a>, <a href="https://hygrotech.co.zm/product/calmabon-liquid/">Calmabon Plus</a>, <a href="https://hygrotech.co.zm/product/potaspray/">Potaspray</a>, <a href="https://hygrotech.co.zm/product/fosfaspray/">Fosfaspray</a>, and many more. Seaweed extract contains an abundance of trace minerals as well as growth hormones that can quickly stimulate plant growth through cell division, enlargement, and elongation. Plant hormones called cytokinins, which increase the speed of cell division, are particularly important. Nothing can replace feeding the soil, but foliar applications can be a valuable addition at certain times of the year or as a strategy to remedy nutrient deficiencies until the soil is able to supply them. Supplementary foliar feeding may also be necessary annually in some soil and climate conditions. For example, in cold soils, foliar fertilizer may be needed each spring to supply nitrogen, phosphorus, and other essential nutrients until the soil warms up and nutrients become available.<br /><a href="https://hygrotech.co.zm/product/asco-gro/">Asco Gro</a>, and <a href="https://hygrotech.co.zm/product/millerplex/">Millerplex</a>, are seaweed extract fertilizers available in the Hygrotech range.</p></div>
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				<span class="et_pb_image_wrap "><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="500" height="600" src="https://hygrotech.co.zm/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/3.jpg" alt="Why Foliar Feed a Plant?" title="Basil" srcset="https://hygrotech.co.zm/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/3.jpg 500w, https://hygrotech.co.zm/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/3-480x576.jpg 480w" sizes="(min-width: 0px) and (max-width: 480px) 480px, (min-width: 481px) 500px, 100vw" class="wp-image-8887" /></span>
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				<span class="et_pb_image_wrap "><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="500" height="600" src="https://hygrotech.co.zm/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/4.jpg" alt="Why Foliar Feed a Plant?" title="lettuce" srcset="https://hygrotech.co.zm/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/4.jpg 500w, https://hygrotech.co.zm/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/4-480x576.jpg 480w" sizes="(min-width: 0px) and (max-width: 480px) 480px, (min-width: 481px) 500px, 100vw" class="wp-image-8888" /></span>
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				<div class="et_pb_text_inner"><h3 style="text-align: left;">When to Foliar Spray</h3>
<p style="text-align: left;">The best time to spray is late in the afternoon or early in the morning, when temperatures are mild and wind is minimal. When wind is low, finely atomized sprays drift readily — this is ideal. Absorption is further enhanced when weather conditions are humid and moist. The presence of dew on leaves also facilitates foliar feeding.  Absorption is maximized when sprays coat the underside of leaves, where the majority of stomata are located. Avoid spraying when temperatures exceed 30°C or onto wilted plants, as this can reduce uptake and damage the plants.</p>
<p style="text-align: left;">For detailed foliar feeding programmes on all crops, contact your <a href="https://hygrotech.co.zm/contact-us/">local Hygrotech representative</a>. <em>(Adapted from an article on: <a href="https://drearth.com/learning-center/projects/foliar-feeding">drearth.com/learning-center/projects/foliar-feeding</a></em><em>)</em></p></div>
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<p>The post <a href="https://hygrotech.co.zm/why-foliar-feed/">Why Foliar Feed?</a> appeared first on <a href="https://hygrotech.co.zm">Hygrotech (Zambia)</a>.</p>
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		<title>Peat Moss Mikskaar</title>
		<link>https://hygrotech.co.zm/peat-moss-mikskaar/</link>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Hygrotech Zambia]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 08 Jan 2026 11:13:04 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Vegetable Production]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://hygrotech.co.zm/?p=8868</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[<p>Learn more about peat moss Mikskaar to discover why most vegetable seedling nurseries in Zambia use it in their growing mixtures.</p>
<p>The post <a href="https://hygrotech.co.zm/peat-moss-mikskaar/">Peat Moss Mikskaar</a> appeared first on <a href="https://hygrotech.co.zm">Hygrotech (Zambia)</a>.</p>
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										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><div class="et_pb_section et_pb_section_9 et_section_regular" >
				
				
				
				
				
				
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				<div class="et_pb_text_inner"><h1><strong>About Peat</strong></h1>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Hygrotech is the sole supplier of <a href="https://hygrotech.co.zm/product/peat-moss-mikskaar/">Mikskaar</a> peat in Zambia. The peat is imported from Estonia, and Mikskaar is a major supplier of high‑quality peat substrates. Mikskaar peat originates from Sphagnum fuscum plants, which are soft, moss‑like plants that die and are preserved under snow for many years. Over time, layers upon layers are formed from decomposed Sphagnum spp. These layers are then harvested from bogs. Bogs are large areas that are water‑saturated and covered with snow during winter. There are two types of peat harvested, namely light and dark peat.</span></p></div>
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				<span class="et_pb_image_wrap "><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1370" height="924" src="https://hygrotech.co.zm/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/Image-2-e1767776712365.png" alt="Blind Tomato Seedlings" title="Light Peat" srcset="https://hygrotech.co.zm/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/Image-2-e1767776712365.png 1370w, https://hygrotech.co.zm/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/Image-2-e1767776712365-1280x863.png 1280w, https://hygrotech.co.zm/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/Image-2-e1767776712365-980x661.png 980w, https://hygrotech.co.zm/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/Image-2-e1767776712365-480x324.png 480w" sizes="(min-width: 0px) and (max-width: 480px) 480px, (min-width: 481px) and (max-width: 980px) 980px, (min-width: 981px) and (max-width: 1280px) 1280px, (min-width: 1281px) 1370px, 100vw" class="wp-image-8872" /></span>
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				<div class="et_pb_text_inner"><h2>Light Peat</h2>
<ul>
<li>Less composted</li>
<li>5x higher water retention</li>
<li>Light in weight, softer material</li>
<li>Slow release of water</li>
<li>Re-wettable</li>
<li>C : N = 60 : 1</li>
</ul></div>
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				<span class="et_pb_image_wrap "><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1380" height="924" src="https://hygrotech.co.zm/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/Image-3-e1767778658396.png" alt="Blind Tomato Seedlings" title="Dark Peat" srcset="https://hygrotech.co.zm/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/Image-3-e1767778658396.png 1380w, https://hygrotech.co.zm/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/Image-3-e1767778658396-1280x857.png 1280w, https://hygrotech.co.zm/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/Image-3-e1767778658396-980x656.png 980w, https://hygrotech.co.zm/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/Image-3-e1767778658396-480x321.png 480w" sizes="(min-width: 0px) and (max-width: 480px) 480px, (min-width: 481px) and (max-width: 980px) 980px, (min-width: 981px) and (max-width: 1280px) 1280px, (min-width: 1281px) 1380px, 100vw" class="wp-image-8873" /></span>
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				<div class="et_pb_text_inner"><h2>Dark Peat</h2>
<ul>
<li>More composted</li>
<li>Lower water retention</li>
<li>Heavier, harder material</li>
<li>Quick release of water</li>
<li>Not re-wettable</li>
<li>C : N = 80 : 1</li>
</ul></div>
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				<span class="et_pb_image_wrap "><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1000" height="1000" src="https://hygrotech.co.zm/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/Blog-12-Images-Square.jpg" alt="" title="Blog 12 Images (Square)" srcset="https://hygrotech.co.zm/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/Blog-12-Images-Square.jpg 1000w, https://hygrotech.co.zm/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/Blog-12-Images-Square-980x980.jpg 980w, https://hygrotech.co.zm/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/Blog-12-Images-Square-480x480.jpg 480w" sizes="(min-width: 0px) and (max-width: 480px) 480px, (min-width: 481px) and (max-width: 980px) 980px, (min-width: 981px) 1000px, 100vw" class="wp-image-8874" /></span>
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				<div class="et_pb_text_inner"><h2><strong>Base Substrate</strong></h2>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;"><a href="https://hygrotech.co.zm/product/peat-moss-mikskaar/">Mikskaar</a> peat consists of 95% organic material and contains natural humic and fulvic acids, which contribute favourably to seedlings and plants as a growing medium. Most vegetable seedling nurseries in South Africa use peat in their growing mixtures because it is light in weight, has a high water‑holding capacity, and has natural root‑stimulating and root‑development properties. Mikskaar is a sterile and pathogen‑free peat.</span></p>
<ul>
<li><span style="font-weight: 400;">pH 5,2 &#8211; 6,0</span></li>
<li><span style="font-weight: 400;">EC &lt; 0.05</span></li>
<li><span style="font-weight: 400;">Sphagnum spp.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-weight: 400;">Structure:</span>
<ul>
<li><span style="font-weight: 400;">0-5mm, </span><span style="font-weight: 400;">0-6mm, </span><span style="font-weight: 400;">0-10mm, </span><span style="font-weight: 400;">0-20mm, </span><span style="font-weight: 400;">0-40mm</span></li>
<li><span style="font-weight: 400;">5-10mm, </span><span style="font-weight: 400;">5-20mm, </span><span style="font-weight: 400;">5-40mm</span></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul></div>
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				<a class="et_pb_button et_pb_button_5 et_pb_bg_layout_light" href="https://hygrotech.co.zm/product/peat-moss-mikskaar/">Shop Mikskaar Peat</a>
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				<div class="et_pb_text_inner"><p><em>(<span style="font-weight: 400;">Written by Pieter Vorster, Fertagchem Technical Manager, Gauteng, South Africa</span>)</em></p></div>
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<p>The post <a href="https://hygrotech.co.zm/peat-moss-mikskaar/">Peat Moss Mikskaar</a> appeared first on <a href="https://hygrotech.co.zm">Hygrotech (Zambia)</a>.</p>
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